Sport For Babies Essay Example For Students

Sport For Babies Essay A baby is born and the doctor looks at the proud parents or parent and saysthree simple words: Its a boy, or Its a girl! Before a newborn child even takeshis or her first breath of life outside the mothers womb, he or she isdistinguishable and characterized by gender. The baby is brought home anddressed in clothes that help friends, family and even strangers identify the sexof the child. Baby boys are dressed in blue and baby girls are dressed in pink. The baby boy may be dressed in a blue jumpsuit with a football or a baseballglove on it. The baby girl may wear a bow in their hair and flowered pajamas. Asthe boy begins to grow, he is given a miniature basketball and a hoop to playwith. The girl is given dolls an d doll clothes to dress them up in. Even goingfurther, eventually the boy may play with Legos and Lincoln Logs and the girlgets a PlaySchool oven and a plastic tea set with which to play house. Soundspretty normal right? Why? As illustrated in the not-so-fictional scenario above,gender socialization begins very early in life. Society has accepted suchstereotypical things as baby boy blue and baby girl pink to help identify thesex of a child. Heaven forbid the little Joey looks like a girl or b abyMichelle is mistaken for a boy. Mothers and fathers make it easy for everyone todistinguish their bundle of joy by utilizing the socially established genderstereotypes. But where and how did these stereotypes come from? Unfortunat ely, Idont think there is a definite answer to that question. We seem to accept thatblue is for boys and pink is for girls. Boys generally play with balls, toytrucks and building blocks whereas girls spend their time with dolls, tea setsand stuffed animals. But these are the stereotypes that are influenced by theparents. A baby child isnt concerned with his or her gender identity. As thechild gets older though, he or she will begin to develop an identity for his orherself and establish a personality th at reflects their masculinity orfemininity. In Nancy Chodorows essay Family Structure and FemininePersonality she examines the development of gender identity andpersonality. Except for the stereotypical examples I have given above whichagain are e stablished by the parents, Chodorow states that the development of achild is basically the same for boys and girls until the age of three. Duringthose first three years the mother is the dominant figure in the childs life. We will write a custom essay on Sport For Babies specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The father plays a limited role until the child reaches the so called Oedipalperiod (beyond age 3). It is at this stage that children begin to try toseparate themselves from the clutches of their mother and establish their ownidentity. Chodorow examines how different this is for boys and girls. KFRC radiodisk jockey Ron Parker recently reported that out of a survey of one hundredfourth grade boys and one hundred fourth grade girls, the boys receive anaverage weekly allowance that is approximately 50% higher than the girlsreceive. On the average, the boys receive $4.18 as compared to the $2.67 paid tothe girls. To look even further, the survey reported that the boys only performthree household chores to earn their weekly allowance whereas the girls areperforming twel ve or more. Why are the girls expected to do four times as muchwork around the house than the boys are? Chodorow writes that a young boy isusually unable to identify with his masculinity through his father. The fatherisn? t as readily available to th e boy as the mother. Without the father tofollow example, Chodorow concludes that a boy will identify masculinecharacteristics be doing that which is not feminine. This could be anexplanation for the big difference in the number of chores the girls d o versusthe boys. Though you might disagree with the morality of this statement, youhave to admit that it is socially accepted that household chores are feminineduties. Young boys are bound to realize this and following Chodorow?s theory,will refuse to perform a lot of chores in an attempt to become moremasculine.GENDER?AND?THE?MEDIA Another aspect of everyday life that is highlyinfluential in gender socialization is the media. What we see on television orat the movies, what we read in the newsp aper or in magazines, what we see onbillboards or hear on the radio are all very significant on how we form aopinion on gender identity. Media publishers have very successfully learned to?play? to an audience and are extremely successful in communicat ing with theaudience they wish to reach. Advertisers are the biggest example of thisconcept. Society is very apt in recognizing images seen in commercials andprinted ads and viewing them as socially acceptable behavior. For example, beercompanies w ill target the twenty to thirty year old male audience and includescantily clad women enjoying their favorite beers. Ironically, popular women?smagazines also use beautiful women to promote cosmetics and beauty products(funny that both my examples sho w the exploitation of female images insocietymore on that later). How often do you think people question theactivities they see portrayed in advertising and question them as to therevalidity? Probably not very often. It is much easier for society to just acceptthe images and not bother to take the time to analyze their bias and untruenature. It is this societal ignorance that clouds the mind and allows the imagesto continue to influence what we believe to be socially acceptable. And when society is presented with something or someone out of the ordinary which doesn?tfollow what we deem to be correct, we rebel and try to modify it to our sociallyacceptable standards.THE?ANDROGYNOUS?SCENARIO Imagine a baby born with novisible sex organs. N ow imagine after some tests that there are no internal orexternal sex organs whatsoever. No ovaries, no testes, no uterus, no vagina, nopenis, no glands that produce estrogen or testosterone, no semen, no eggs, noanything. Is this possible? Surprisi ngly yes. It is very possible and in factprobably more so that one thinks. Though rarely publicized, there are people inthis world that are physically indistinguishable as males or females. SallyJesse Raphael recently had one of these androgynous hu man beings on her popularmorning talk show. This person, known as Toby, is neither male nor female andprefers to live life in the androgynous state. Toby is the only known humanbeing in the world like this. Me dically feasible, yes; but is the androgy nousperson socially acceptable in our everyday lifestyle? Since Toby was born, Tobyhasn?t been able to live a normal life. Throughout childhood, Toby wasconstantly pressured to make a decision to either become a full fledged male orfemale. Doctors, teachers, friends and family all thought that Toby would bemuch happier if Toby could be classified as either a man or a woman. But Tobydidn?t think so. Toby made a decision to stay androgynous and it has causedsome very interesting results. Everyw here Toby goes identity comes intoquestion. Is Toby male or female? Toby is neither. But that?s not possible. Yetit is. Think about what you do everyday and how much of it relies on gender andthen think about Toby. What public restroom do you go in? What kind of clothesdo you wear? What store do you buy them in? What colors do you buy? What letteris after the word sex on your drivers license? How does Toby answer thesequestions? That?s not the point. Th e point is why does Toby have to a nswerthese questions? Because this is what we have determined to be socially correct. .u6c7aa17a013486e694a3e6a6af8393d1 , .u6c7aa17a013486e694a3e6a6af8393d1 .postImageUrl , .u6c7aa17a013486e694a3e6a6af8393d1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6c7aa17a013486e694a3e6a6af8393d1 , .u6c7aa17a013486e694a3e6a6af8393d1:hover , .u6c7aa17a013486e694a3e6a6af8393d1:visited , .u6c7aa17a013486e694a3e6a6af8393d1:active { border:0!important; } .u6c7aa17a013486e694a3e6a6af8393d1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6c7aa17a013486e694a3e6a6af8393d1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6c7aa17a013486e694a3e6a6af8393d1:active , .u6c7aa17a013486e694a3e6a6af8393d1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6c7aa17a013486e694a3e6a6af8393d1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6c7aa17a013486e694a3e6a6af8393d1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6c7aa17a013486e694a3e6a6af8393d1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6c7aa17a013486e694a3e6a6af8393d1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6c7aa17a013486e694a3e6a6af8393d1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6c7aa17a013486e694a3e6a6af8393d1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6c7aa17a013486e694a3e6a6af8393d1 .u6c7aa17a013486e694a3e6a6af8393d1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6c7aa17a013486e694a3e6a6af8393d1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Free College Admissionss: Learning from Mist EssayThere are two sexes, male and female and you must be one or the other. How canthere be an in between? Such a person should have no place in our culturallybiased s ociety.FEMALE?EXPLOITATION As I briefly mentioned earlier, advertisersutilize female images to sell products. Society associates beauty with thefemale and we are more inclined to pay attention to a beautiful woman presentedto us on a screen or a page in a magazine. But can this be more harmful to asociety than good. Recently in my woman?s studies class we were involved in astudent panel discussion regarding this topic. The presenters literally filled awall with im ages taken from magazines and ne wspapers and each of thephotographs were of beautiful women endorsing some product. Everything fromlingerie to Coca-Cola utilized a female image to attract attention to their ad. This doesn?t just stop in advertising either. A documentary viewed in t he sameclass entitled ?DreamWorld?, exposed the demeaning portrayal of women as sexobjects in music videos. Specifically those shown on the popular music videonetwork MTV. The women in the videos were all sex objects; beautiful, buxom,sexy, promiscu ous and lacked any moral values whatsoever. Also, the woman inthe music videos all served one main purpose: to satisfy the sexual needs ofmen. The documentary helped us to see how we are easily influenced by imageswhen we do not stop and think what t hey are showing us. Removed from thecontext of how they were originally intended to be shown, the images in thevideos were very disturbing to both men and women. But, for those who only seethem as they were produced, which is most of the viewing popu lation, the videosdo indeed portray these woman in a fantasized nature. This too can lead to whatsociety views as being socially acceptable. In a perfect world, there would b eno gender differentiation, no racial tension and no ?political incorrectness ?. But we live in an imperfect world that is currently making a turn towardsbecoming more ?PC? (politically correct). Fading away are such terms asfireman, stewardess, boyfriend and girlfriend, policeman and secretary. Now weare starting to use a mo re socially acceptable language and replacing suchterms with fire fighter, flight attendant, domestic partner or significantother, police officer and administrative assistant. We are slowly, and I do meanslowly, moving towards a non gender separated s ociety. Eventually we may beable to control what we see and how we see it, but until then we must rely onourselves to determine what is reality and what is part of a DreamWorld.

Hampton

Hampton Introduction The Hampton-Newport Community Services Board (HNNCSB) offers a broad range of mental well-being and drug abuse services and care for people with mental and developmental disorders (Hampton-Newport News Community Services Board, 2013).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Hampton-Newport News Community Services Board specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These services are available to people of all ages in Hampton and Newport News. The agency’s vision is to create a community in which individuals can find their own purpose and be self-determining (Hampton-Newport News Community Services Board, 2013). The HNNCSB’s mission is to offer an inclusive range of services and supports by encouraging avoidance, recovery, and independence for people impacted by mental disorder, drug use, and intellectual and developmental disabilities, and encouraging health of societies it serves (Hampton-Newport News Communi ty Services Board, 2013). In order to achieve these goals, the agency has adopted critical core values, which include collaboration, continuous improvement, cultural competency, development, dignity and respect, professionalism, quality, and stewardship and accountability. The agency believes that these core values have enabled it to offer effective services. Services provided by the agency and any associated costs The agency offers a number of services to its clients. These services are mainly case management and supports. Case management involves the provision of services to people with serious mental disabilities to allow them to live productively in society. The agency has divided its services into several different areas in order to provide critical care by monitoring individual’s specific needs and engaging the required agency in the provision of care. The agency has case managers, who are mainly â€Å"mental health therapists, nurses, or social workers† (Hampton -Newport News Community Services Board, 2013). Case managers work with clients or their families in order to develop personalized plans, which are based on strengthens and preferences of clients in order to manage their disabilities effectively. Case management for adults Intellectual development disability services (IDDS) is a case management service for adults with mental problems and developmental challenges (Hampton-Newport News Community Services Board, 2013). The agency offers services to allow such adults to live independently. Case managers work with the client and the family of the client to develop interventions for specific needs.Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Case managers also ensure that clients get other services, arrange for these services and transportation. They also support clients from hospitals and home care facilities to start new life in society, a s well as counseling and psychosocial support to overcome normal challenges in life. There is also IDDS for day services. This service allows adults with mental retardation to be independent and find meaning in life. These services involve support, training, and other initiatives, which can facilitate improved life at homes, workplaces, and in societies. The final service for adults is IDDS, which entails diagnosis, evaluation, and psychological assessment. The agency conducts a thorough evaluation of all individuals who require its services with the aim of determining the most effective services for such persons. Evaluations involve psychological assessment in situations where clients require them. The agency works together with certified psychoanalysts and psychologists (Hampton-Newport News Community Services Board, 2013) in the provision of these services to its clients. Case management for Children and Adolescents The HNNCSB offers services for children and adolescents. The IDD S focuses on providing service after school and summer holidays. Children who suffer from mental disorders and other disabilities get effective services from HNNCSB after school. They get high quality services and school bus transportation to the program. The agency provides services for children and adolescents with hearing problems, deaf, blind, and deafblind or deaf children. The HNNCSB offers gender-related substance abuse interventions. These services are available through other clinics in the vicinity such as, â€Å"Hampton Roads Clinic, Partners in Recovery, Project LINK, Men’s Substance Abuse Case Management, and South-Eastern Family Project† (Hampton-Newport News Community Services Board, 2013).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Hampton-Newport News Community Services Board specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Common characteristics of clients served The Hampton-Newport Community Services Board ser ves children, adolescents, and adults, i.e., it caters for people of all ages. The agency’s clients are mainly people with the following disorders or challenges: Mental retardation problems Drug and substance abuse Blindness Deaf Deafblind Hearing problems The presence of a social worker in the agency, if any The agency has social workers, who it refers to as case managers. However, case managers could be any specialist in the agency. Article Summary Gwinner, Knox, and Brough (2013) observed that there were developing interests in research evidence in mental illnesses in order to provide evidence-based practices in providing care in health facilities and social work fields (Gwinner, Knox Brough, 2013). The article explored recovery and illness among eight people. Researchers used a Participatory Action Research approach to conduct the study. The researchers acted subjectively as clients with mental illness, who were also artists. The study noted a specific issue of concern during recovery by using a clinical term in order to achieve prior standards set by health workers for their clients in recovery. The researchers concluded that individualized interventions and values for mental illness and recovery patients were related to several dynamics and complicated perceptions, which patients acquired from their life experiences and objects in their environments. References Gwinner, K., Knox, M., and Brough, M. (2013). Making Sense of Mental Illness as a Full Human Experience: Perspective of Illness and Recovery Held by People With a Mental Illness Living in the Community. Social Work in Mental Health, 11(2), 99- 117. DOI: 10.1080/15332985.2012.717063.Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hampton-Newport News Community Services Board. (2013). Who We Are. Retrieved from hnncsb.org/who-we-are.html

People Resourcing Issue Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

People Resourcing Issue - Assignment Example The criteria decided should relate directly to the job duties and should have minimum requirements that are essential for the job. Therefore, it is important to base the specification of the tasks needed for the job. It is crucial for proprietors to retain their employees in their organizations. The managers have to control, minimize and measure employee turnover at all costs. They need to collect the information relating to the employee welfare. They have to seek ways of overcoming the personal crisis, workplace problems, and employee’s family problems. The removal of such problems leads to a more productive and the healthy years of service to the employees. A number of remedies are available to reduce employee turnover. An approach may be through the establishment of the wellness programs which is a freely chosen lifestyle aiming at maintaining and achieving a person’s good health at work. Moreover, information on job security, insurance coverage, and voluntary participation may be of importance to the employee’s low turnover. Performance related pay is paramount as a reward mechanism as it pays the right people the right amount related to their job performance. The tool helps to weed out lazy workers and in the process, defines an explicit objective of the business. The paying system is of value to the business as it retains skills, in that, employees get employed and attracted to the company’s paying system. Moreover, the mechanism is of benefit to the company as it helps to improve the performance of the company by focusing employee’s effort where needed. Finally, the mechanism promotes individual teamwork and creativity that are of value to the company. The performance-related pay not carefully managed and planned may end up causing a number of problems with the company. The mechanism may build up conflicts among the employees on the salary scale.

The Labeling Theory and The Cultural Deviance Theory Assignment

The Labeling Theory and The Cultural Deviance Theory - Assignment Example In response to question 4, labeling theory is chosen as the most appropriate theory to account for the case. Labeling and the Cultural Deviancy theories Introduction It could be argued that criminal activities are common in every society across the world. Furthermore, has been argued that criminal activities have existed as along as man and societies have contented and grappled with addressing them. However, what has been of great concern is the evolution and surge of criminal activities. In the attempts of addressing crimes, criminologists have sought to understand the causes and proposed an array of theories, including the labeling theory and the legitimate crime causation theory. This paper answers some pertinent questions in regard to the two theories. Response to question 1 The proponents of the labeling theory are concerned that the labels that are placed on the offenders through the justice systems. Such labels function to worsen the behaviors of the inmates because the labels function to aggravate the behaviors that need to be stopped. In the long run, this constrains recovery form criminal behaviors. The proponents are concerned that the criminal justice system has not only failed to stop criminal behaviors, but it is also functioning to reinforce the very criminal behaviors (Gabbidon & Greene, 2013). An alternative theory that could be utilized to avoid stereotyping within the criminal justice system is the cultural deviancy theory. The cultural deviance theory posits that the cause of the criminal behaviors in the urban areas can be hardly attributed to poverty, but to a distinct lower-class culture, which is mainly concerned about the societal norms. The social deviancy theory is based on the conflict perspective, thus perceives cultural deviancy as a condition that is normal that crime is simply a concept of conflicts within classes (Bereska, 2011). The theory posits that the lower class category contains its values, goals and ideals that significa ntly differ from those of other classes. As the individuals within the lower classes conform to these practices on the course of day life routine, they also interact with people from other classes. Their behaviors overlap and conflict and the lower-class group suffer the implication of being considered socially deviant. This theory also follows the account that as people conform to the values within the class, they may even impart the values to the subsequent generation. This theory acknowledges the basis of nature versus nurture, wherein the behaviors of persons are nurtured by the intervening social environment. Thus, cultural deviance theory is that which approaches crimes from the sociological perspectives. Cultural deviance theory does not present criminals as immoral and sinful people, and describes crimes based in the examination of race, social circle, levels of education and income, culture, among other social aspects and this makes it particularly suited to limit stereotyp ing within the criminal justice systems. Then the only weakness this approach is that it tends to justify crimes as unintentional. Response to Part 2 In my view, labeling is a legitimate crime causation theory on various accounts. According to the

Revolutionary War and Saratoga Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Revolutionary War and Saratoga - Essay Example One might try to counter such a claim by stating that the British forces have a far superior level of combat training, readiness, and the possession of a professional army. However, it should be remembered by individuals that might espouse such a view that the colonial army, although not in existence for long, has had many years of experience fighting in the French Indian War as well as nearly constant practice in marksmanship and operations within difficult terrain as a function of the way of American life.2 In this way, although the Continental Army has not long been a formalized group, it is ultimately made up of a very hardened and experienced core that can and will continue to deal powerful and painful blows to the British forces until such a time that they can realize that control over the American colonies is no longer possible. Part 2: One of the most fundamental things that the reader back home should understand about the ongoing war within the colonies is the complete lack of respect and gentlemanly regard that the colonial forces apply in battle. No better a case can be seen with regard to this than what happened during the two battles that are collectively called the Battle of Saratoga. Whereas the traditional continental way of warfare has typically been for opposing armies to face off and seek to gain the upper hand, the Continental Army employed what can only be described as an organized assassination program that was specifically targeted towards killing any and all officers that could be caught in the crosshairs of the sharpshooters. Naturally officers of the British Imperial Army can and should expect that they are placing their lives at risk and it is not the intent of this newspaper article to establish that these men are off limits in the scope of warfare; however, what is more important is the fact that the tactics employed by the colonists were to specifically target these men as means of reducing leadership and spreading chaos and disord er through the ranks of our forces. Such a plan ultimately worked; although it is a new low with regard to the way in which the British Army has fought any of its former battles with a civilized group of people. As a result of such a tactic, the second battle of Saratoga was nearly a foregone conclusion as the level of boldness of the British officers, as well as the overall number of British officers available to lead and direct their men into combat, were lessened. This marked a turning point due to the fact that it was clear that the colonists were willing and able to go to any particular lengths necessary in order to win the conflict. Moreover, the particular tactic that was employed at Saratoga marked a turning point in the way that the colonists chose to fight the British. Where asymmetrical warfare has been something that these revolutionaries have employed all along, the manner in which they were ultimately willing to engage in a pitched battle where both sides faced off tog ether was tempered by the asymmetrics of employing sharpshooters to specifically target the eyes and ears of the British general.3 As a function of understanding the importance of such a battle, the reader can come to the general conclusion that even if and when the British Army is forced to engage with these rebels upon a battlefield, there is little if any guarantee that they will abide by the

Study On Primary And Secondary Storage Computer Science Essay

Study On Primary And Secondary Storage Computer Science Essay Primary storage is also known as Immediate Access Storage and is where data is stored on the main computer memory. An example of primary storage is RAM (Random Access Memory otherwise referred to as RWM (Read Write Memory). RAM is the memory chip stored within the computers motherboard, where data can be read, stored and edited. RAM is extremely fast and is where programs are usually installed, due to its ability to run programs quickly and more efficiently than Secondary storage facilities. Secondary storage is where software and some documents or spreadsheets are stored onto a hard drive or externally onto a device such as a disk, which is easily accessible when required, via any computer or laptop and easily transportable. This is a much slower form of storage but popularly used, as the computers CPU (Central Processing Unit) memory is limited in size and its storage capacity. The information is usually stored on CD ROM; external hard drives; flash memory or USB Pen drives. Secondary storage is permanent and only becomes obsolete in time (when it eventually wears out or is replaced by new and improved technology). Complex functions such as translators for high-level languages and operating systems are placed on ROM memory. (Comp Wisdom, 2006). The ROM memory chip is a viable permanent storage facility for manufacturers, as users are unable to overwrite the information stored on this device. Off-site data storage is non-volatile and is where information is stored at an other location away from the computer, which is accessible from a direct call or via the internet. Off-site data storage is beneficial as a backup if complications arise with the onsite computer system. (No-Moa Publishers, 2000) Table 1-Differences between Primary and Secondary Storage. (Integrated Publishing, 2010) Primary Secondary Volatile Temporary Non-Volatile Permanent Fast memory therefore expensive Slow memory therefore cheaper Smaller storage capacity (L2 Cache = 2MB) Larger storage capacity Closer to CPU or internal so faster Connects to the CPU so slower performance Examples PROM Programmable Read Only Memory, already programmed by the manufacturer, non-editable. Needs a device to burn to disk and if mistake made cannot be corrected. EPROM Electronically Programmable Read Only Memory. Holds data no power supply, electrically reprogrammed up to 100 times. Stores Calibration data in real time clocks. Other types: DRAM,SRAM, MRAM Other types: ROM cane be read but not overwritten Hard drive, CDs, DVDs, Flash Memory, Magnetic tapes, Offline storage, EEPROM. Figure 1 Image of Primary and Secondary Storage. 2. Virtualization (or hypervisor) is similar to simulation where an identical copy of an operating system is made.Virtualization can be formed for various systems such as: Networks; Platforms; Applications; Desktops; servers and storage devices. This means that multiple virtual machines can be run on a single host (via virtualization),containing its own resources; operating systems and hardware, reducing the risk of software applications from causing complications with each other due to incompatibility errors or conflict. This functionality has also been developed for wireless technology including mobile phones. The benefit of mobile phones having this functionality is that the virtualized environmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦would be open to developers or open to the user to add and install applications to customize the phone as they wantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ without disrupting the carrier network.(Hazelton, Nov 2008). Figure 2: Virtualization Image Blue Whale Web Inc, 2010 3. The Home Theater receiver, also referred to as an AV receiver or Surround Sound Receiver, is the heart of a home theater system and provides most, if not all, the inputs and outputs that you connect everything, including your television, into. An AV Receiver provides an easy and cost-effective way of centralizing your your home theater system. Part One discusses the audio factors to take into consideration. 4. The cloud in network systems is an abstraction of the real system and itscomplex infrastructure. It hides the actual processes and network connections to the user such as servers, routers hubs, switches, cabling and storage (the points of entry and exits) that enable data processing.(Wiley Publishing Incoporated, 1998)The cloud represents the communications network such as network cables, which connect to various devices in order to communicate over short distances or over a large geographical area, similar to that of a telephone infrastructure. 5a. PDF known as Portable Document Formatis a system by which files can be displayed on various applications which is independent of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦software, hardware and operating systems which they originated from and the computer or printer from which the output originated.(Adobe Systems Incorporated, 2006, p. 33). PDF files have a sophisticated imaging model derived from PostScript page description language (Adobe Systems Incorporated, 2006)which has been redefined to incorporate binary format.PDF files contain universally accepted format of arrays; syntaxes; graphics; imagery and text containing specified instructions objects that allows outputto be consistent across un-similar devices. b. The format for storing, page layout and managing objects is compressed in PDF files via means of fixed, two-dimensional PostScript document.The advantages of using PDF files rather than HTML are:- Files can be encrypted and cannot be tampered with; can have a digital signature which can be for legal issues; images and information can be used as evidence in court, whereas HTML has no security controls. PDF have a low risk of being contaminated by a virus. A PDF file can be password encrypted. PDF reader software which is free of charge whereas HTML requires a Browser window. Font is embedded in a PDF file ensuring that layout and appearance remains intact, whereas HTML font and appearance is defined by the creator which can appear differently depending on browser functionality used. PDF is designed to take appearance of documentation into consideration, whereas HTML concentrates on structure. PDF files hold large data compared to that of HTML.(Adobe Systems Incorporated, 2006) c. PDF has a font embedded system allowing font programsto travel with the document, which are interpreted at the destination by the data structure, which is built into the application or by means of an external font file. This transfers the information into a character which is a graphical shape known as a glyph. The file compresses information which preserves data and maintains the integrity of the original document including its fonts and graphics. (Chuck Geschke, 2004, p. 24) d. A PDF contains 5 object types in relation to graphics, which are embedded into the file and transported with the document these being:- Path Text Inline Shading These objects define the position, orientation, size of text, graphics and bitmap imagery that appear on the page by means of appropriate shading, structure, syntax, colour fill and line strokes. The cleverly designed graphical parameters allow conversion and compression files to make certain discreet changes to the graphics without changing the surrounding environment.The filedetermines the imagery and displays it in the exact layout and position. This is known as the Cartesian co-ordinate system. (Adobe Incorporated, 2006) A vector (object) image is handled similarly, as paths are made up of lines called Bezier curves. (Adobe Systems Incorporated, 2006)The path object transfers these into paths that can be stroked and filled. The output format is then transferred with the file to cater for the imagery. e. There are a number of limitations that a PDF has on the end user these being:- Graphic recognition is time consuming to process documents containing Vector graphics Documents holding certain layouts like magazines and newspapers cannot be deciphered correctly. The documents are un-editable which could affect documents pertaining to lawyers, that require proofreading and alterations by the client. Due to new versions being released on a regular basis with new functionality, causes incompatibilities with documents created by earlier versions. Converting a PDF file back into a formatted word document asPDF does not recognise paragraphs, formatting, headers, footers, indentations, and line breaks. (PDF Tools, 2005) 6. A computer network is divided physically as well as logically. A collision domain (Ethernet segment) is where two or more devices are attempting to transmit packets of data at the same time and are usually contained within a broadcast domain. Devices that are attached to a hub or a switch are within a collision domain. Collision domains are usually divided by a switch or bridgesand use a collision -sensing protocol called CSMA/CD. The basic strategy for this protocol is it detects imminent collisions by abnormalities in the voltage, which occurs in the computer rejecting the corrupted frame (runt). (CISCO, 2006) A broadcast domain (Ethernet LAN) is a logical part of the network that emits data to another device.(Symatech, 2010) Figure 3 This diagram shows the 2Broadcast domains in Green and the 5collision domains in Red. Table 2 This table shows the ISO-OSI layers and the domains. Layer ISO-OSI Layers Whats processed Domain Devices 7 Application Layer Ports, sockets Interaction 6 Presentation Layer Format, encoding Translation 5 Session Layer Messages, communication Controls Dialogue 4 Transport Layer TCP segment Data transfer 3 Network Layer IP Packet, IP Address Broadcast domains. Layer 3 devices stop the flow of broadcast domains IP address, Router, level 3 switch 2 Data Link Layer Frame, Interface cards, adapters Single separated Collision, one single broadcast domain also created. Layer two network devices can divide collision domains. Switches, Bridges 1 Physical Layer Bit Stream Single Broadcast and Collision HUB, Repeaters 7. Von Neumanns architecture comprises of the four main components,see diagram below. This is used in current computers lay the foundation to what is known as the Little Man Computer'(Englander, 2010)the essential criteria for this architecture is the memory which has a stored program concept (Englander, 2010) which allows the programs to be edited. It stores the address in a sequenced address order which has its own memory slot and traced by unique location number. Memory- consists of RAM to store programs and data Control unit is used to fetch information from memory and decodes it and performs operations to complete the task Arithmetic unit performs mathematical calculations Input/output is the interface with the human operator Figure 4- diagram of Von Neumanns Computer Architecture http://computing.llnl.gov/tutorials/parallel_comp An example of entering and adding two numbers is as follows: Take first number and input (the number is now stored in the calculator) store the number (this is stored in memory slot and number is left on calculator) -Input second number (2nd number replace first in calculator) Add first number to second (fetch 1st number from stored address location and add to number in calculator) Display/output result 8. 32 bitswide or 4 Bytes can address 4Gigabytes of memory = 4 (232 = 4,294,967,296). AMD introduced the first 32 bit flash memory device on 5th August 2001 which would allow systems to run 8 x faster than those using standard flash memory. (Advanced Micro Devices Incorporated, 2010). 9. Volatile memory is a term derived from the Latin word volatilis which translated means to fly. This terminology is applied to something that is unpredictable; subject to change; unstable or hostile. The RAM (Random Access Memory) in a computer istemporary (volatile storage), as the information stored is obliterated when the power is either switched off or interrupted, as power is required to retain information stored on the machines memory. Non Volatile memory (NVRAM) is not deleted when the connection between the memory and the CPU (Central Processing Unit) is lost. Devices such as memory disks or hard disk drives store information permanently until it is no longer required by the user. RAM, DRAM, SRAM are all forms of volatile memory and ROM and Flash memory are non-volatile forms of memory. Flash memory is widely used in the Automobile manufacturing industries, for car applications to work efficiently. Some cars contain MCUs chips (Microcontrollers), where program functionality are stored using non-volatile memory on the MCU, allowingcar functionality to work correctly such as Cruise control, air bag safety mechanism, engine controls and temperatures.(International Engineering Consortium, 2006)It could be crucial if this information plus vital safety checks were erased every time avehicle is switched off! 10. Figure 5 Data Flow Diagram showing Mixed number in a base other than 10 converted to a Decimal. (Englander, Number Systems, 2010) Display Answer Display Integer and Decimal parts together Convert Fractional Part to base 10 Convert Integer part to decimal Split into Integer number and Fractional parts Start with Mixed number Mixed Number = whole number + fraction Another way to convert a mixed number into a decimal is as follows:- Answer = 2.88 Round answer to two decimal places 2.875 23/8 To get Decimal Divide numerator by denominator Rewrite improper fraction with numerator on top 8 x 2 x 7 Turn mixed number into improper fraction 2 7/8 Start with Mixed number Mixed Number = whole number + fraction

Understanding Celiac Disease Essay -- immune system, multisystem disor

Unfortunately for diagnosed patients, there is no recognized cure for Celiac disease. What the individual must do instead, is change their diet completely. Some may think that changing a diet around is no big deal and in fact, that may be true until it happens to them. Similar to many other aspects of life, nothing seems to be a problem or as severe until it directly affects the person who thinks it is not a big issue. This makes people diagnosed with Celiac disease lives challenging. On top of having to change their diets completely, they also have to deal with people who do not understand the disease and how it is a serious problem. Being diagnosed with Celiac disease affects the everyday life of people and restricts what they can eat. Celiac disease is a multisystem disorder. It causes the body’s immune system to respond negatively to the protein in specific grains. "The immune system responds to these proteins because it thinks it is being attacked. It then builds antibodies to protect itself from these proteins and inturn those antibodies cause damage to the small intestines" (Bower). In life you do not realize that anything is wrong until of course when you notice something is wrong. For example, coming home from somewhere and walking through the front door just like any other normal day and there is no realization that the house is broken into until noticing that the back door is smashed open. Celiac disease is much like the back door in the prior situation. Many people do not even realize that they have this issue until their stomach begins to be in pain for longer periods. â€Å"Celiac disease, a multisystem disease, is one of the most underdiagnosed hereditary autoimmune disorders.† What multisystem means is that the ... ... hundred percent. This disease is extremely complicated and time consuming, it involves tons of research and planning. Every meal has to be thought about and anticipated. Gluten-free diets are one of the most difficult diets to follow in today's world. Works Cited Bower, Sylvia Llewelyn, Mary Kay Sharrett, and Steve Plogsted. Celiac Disease A Guide to Living with Gluten Intolerance. New York: Demos Medical Publishing, LLC., 2007. Green, Regina. Personal Interview. 06 December 2015. Dennis, Melinda and Daniel Leffler. Real Life With Celiac Disease Troubleshooting and Thriving Gluten Free. Bethesda, MD: AGA Press, 2010. Green, Peter H.R. and Rory Jones. Celiac Disease A Hidden Epidemic. New York: HarperCollins Publisher, 2010. Langwith, Jacqueline. Perspectives On Disease & Disorders Celiac Disease. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press, 2012.